xWRF overview

xWRF is a package designed to make the post-processing of WRF output data more pythonic. It’s aim is to smooth the rough edges around the unique, non CF-compliant WRF output data format and make the data accessible to utilities like dask and the wider Pangeo universe.

It is built as an Accessor on top of xarray, providing a very simple user interface.

Examining the data

When opening up a normal WRF output file with the simple xarray netcdf backend, one can see that it does not provide a lot of useful information.

import xwrf

ds_old = xwrf.tutorial.open_dataset("wrfout")
ds_old

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 89MB
Dimensions:   (Time: 1, south_north: 340, west_east: 270, bottom_top: 39,
               west_east_stag: 271, south_north_stag: 341)
Coordinates:
    XLAT      (Time, south_north, west_east) float32 367kB ...
    XLONG     (Time, south_north, west_east) float32 367kB ...
    XTIME     (Time) datetime64[ns] 8B ...
    XLAT_U    (Time, south_north, west_east_stag) float32 369kB ...
    XLONG_U   (Time, south_north, west_east_stag) float32 369kB ...
    XLAT_V    (Time, south_north_stag, west_east) float32 368kB ...
    XLONG_V   (Time, south_north_stag, west_east) float32 368kB ...
Dimensions without coordinates: Time, south_north, west_east, bottom_top,
                                west_east_stag, south_north_stag
Data variables:
    ZNU       (Time, bottom_top) float32 156B ...
    Times     (Time) |S19 19B ...
    U         (Time, bottom_top, south_north, west_east_stag) float32 14MB ...
    V         (Time, bottom_top, south_north_stag, west_east) float32 14MB ...
    SINALPHA  (Time, south_north, west_east) float32 367kB ...
    COSALPHA  (Time, south_north, west_east) float32 367kB ...
    T         (Time, bottom_top, south_north, west_east) float32 14MB ...
    QVAPOR    (Time, bottom_top, south_north, west_east) float32 14MB ...
    P         (Time, bottom_top, south_north, west_east) float32 14MB ...
    PB        (Time, bottom_top, south_north, west_east) float32 14MB ...
    PSN       (Time, south_north, west_east) float32 367kB ...
Attributes: (12/149)
    TITLE:                            OUTPUT FROM WRF V4.1.3 MODEL
    START_DATE:                      2099-08-01_00:00:00
    SIMULATION_START_DATE:           2099-08-01_00:00:00
    WEST-EAST_GRID_DIMENSION:        271
    SOUTH-NORTH_GRID_DIMENSION:      341
    BOTTOM-TOP_GRID_DIMENSION:       40
    ...                              ...
    ISLAKE:                          21
    ISICE:                           15
    ISURBAN:                         13
    ISOILWATER:                      14
    HYBRID_OPT:                      0
    ETAC:                            0.0

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • Time: 1
  • south_north: 340
  • west_east: 270
  • bottom_top: 39
  • west_east_stag: 271
  • south_north_stag: 341
• Coordinates: (7)
  • XLAT
    (Time, south_north, west_east)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LATITUDE, SOUTH IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_north

    stagger :

    [91800 values with dtype=float32]

  • XLONG
    (Time, south_north, west_east)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LONGITUDE, WEST IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_east

    stagger :

    [91800 values with dtype=float32]

  • XTIME
    (Time)
    datetime64[ns]
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    0

    description :

    minutes since 2099-08-01 00:00:00

    stagger :

    [1 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]

  • XLAT_U
    (Time, south_north, west_east_stag)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LATITUDE, SOUTH IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_north

    stagger :

    X

    [92140 values with dtype=float32]

  • XLONG_U
    (Time, south_north, west_east_stag)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LONGITUDE, WEST IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_east

    stagger :

    X

    [92140 values with dtype=float32]

  • XLAT_V
    (Time, south_north_stag, west_east)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LATITUDE, SOUTH IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_north

    stagger :

    Y

    [92070 values with dtype=float32]

  • XLONG_V
    (Time, south_north_stag, west_east)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LONGITUDE, WEST IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_east

    stagger :

    Y

    [92070 values with dtype=float32]

• Data variables: (11)
  • ZNU
    (Time, bottom_top)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    Z

    description :

    eta values on half (mass) levels

    units :

    stagger :

    [39 values with dtype=float32]

  • Times
    (Time)
    |S19
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=|S19]

  • U
    (Time, bottom_top, south_north, west_east_stag)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XYZ

    description :

    x-wind component

    units :

    m s-1

    stagger :

    X

    [3593460 values with dtype=float32]

  • V
    (Time, bottom_top, south_north_stag, west_east)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XYZ

    description :

    y-wind component

    units :

    m s-1

    stagger :

    Y

    [3590730 values with dtype=float32]

  • SINALPHA
    (Time, south_north, west_east)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    Local sine of map rotation

    units :

    stagger :

    [91800 values with dtype=float32]

  • COSALPHA
    (Time, south_north, west_east)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    Local cosine of map rotation

    units :

    stagger :

    [91800 values with dtype=float32]

  • T
    (Time, bottom_top, south_north, west_east)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XYZ

    description :

    perturbation potential temperature theta-t0

    units :

    K

    stagger :

    [3580200 values with dtype=float32]

  • QVAPOR
    (Time, bottom_top, south_north, west_east)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XYZ

    description :

    Water vapor mixing ratio

    units :

    kg kg-1

    stagger :

    [3580200 values with dtype=float32]

  • P
    (Time, bottom_top, south_north, west_east)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XYZ

    description :

    perturbation pressure

    units :

    Pa

    stagger :

    [3580200 values with dtype=float32]

  • PB
    (Time, bottom_top, south_north, west_east)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XYZ

    description :

    BASE STATE PRESSURE

    units :

    Pa

    stagger :

    [3580200 values with dtype=float32]

  • PSN
    (Time, south_north, west_east)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    total photosynthesis

    units :

    umol co2/m2/s

    stagger :

    [91800 values with dtype=float32]

• Indexes: (0)
• Attributes: (149)

  TITLE :

  OUTPUT FROM WRF V4.1.3 MODEL

  START_DATE :

  2099-08-01_00:00:00

  SIMULATION_START_DATE :

  2099-08-01_00:00:00

  WEST-EAST_GRID_DIMENSION :

  271

  SOUTH-NORTH_GRID_DIMENSION :

  341

  BOTTOM-TOP_GRID_DIMENSION :

  40

  DX :

  9000.0

  DY :

  9000.0

  AERCU_OPT :

  0

  AERCU_FCT :

  1.0

  IDEAL_CASE :

  0

  DIFF_6TH_SLOPEOPT :

  0

  AUTO_LEVELS_OPT :

  2

  DIFF_6TH_THRESH :

  0.1

  DZBOT :

  50.0

  DZSTRETCH_S :

  1.3

  DZSTRETCH_U :

  1.1

  SKEBS_ON :

  0

  SPEC_BDY_FINAL_MU :

  1

  USE_Q_DIABATIC :

  0

  GRIDTYPE :

  C

  DIFF_OPT :

  2

  KM_OPT :

  4

  DAMP_OPT :

  3

  DAMPCOEF :

  0.2

  KHDIF :

  0.0

  KVDIF :

  0.0

  MP_PHYSICS :

  51

  RA_LW_PHYSICS :

  4

  RA_SW_PHYSICS :

  4

  SF_SFCLAY_PHYSICS :

  1

  SF_SURFACE_PHYSICS :

  4

  BL_PBL_PHYSICS :

  1

  CU_PHYSICS :

  6

  SF_LAKE_PHYSICS :

  1

  SURFACE_INPUT_SOURCE :

  3

  SST_UPDATE :

  1

  GRID_FDDA :

  0

  GFDDA_INTERVAL_M :

  0

  GFDDA_END_H :

  0

  GRID_SFDDA :

  0

  SGFDDA_INTERVAL_M :

  0

  SGFDDA_END_H :

  0

  HYPSOMETRIC_OPT :

  2

  USE_THETA_M :

  1

  GWD_OPT :

  0

  SF_URBAN_PHYSICS :

  0

  SF_SURFACE_MOSAIC :

  0

  SF_OCEAN_PHYSICS :

  0

  SHCU_PHYSICS :

  0

  MFSHCONV :

  0

  FEEDBACK :

  0

  SMOOTH_OPTION :

  0

  SWRAD_SCAT :

  1.0

  W_DAMPING :

  0

  ADAPT_DT_START :

  54.0

  ADAPT_DT_MAX :

  72.0

  ADAPT_DT_MIN :

  36.0

  RADT :

  9.0

  BLDT :

  0.0

  CUDT :

  0.0

  AER_OPT :

  0

  SWINT_OPT :

  0

  AER_TYPE :

  1

  AER_AOD550_OPT :

  1

  AER_ANGEXP_OPT :

  1

  AER_SSA_OPT :

  1

  AER_ASY_OPT :

  1

  AER_AOD550_VAL :

  0.12

  AER_ANGEXP_VAL :

  1.3

  AER_SSA_VAL :

  0.85

  AER_ASY_VAL :

  0.9

  MOIST_ADV_OPT :

  1

  SCALAR_ADV_OPT :

  1

  TKE_ADV_OPT :

  1

  DIFF_6TH_OPT :

  0

  DIFF_6TH_FACTOR :

  0.12

  OBS_NUDGE_OPT :

  0

  BUCKET_MM :

  -1.0

  BUCKET_J :

  -1.0

  PREC_ACC_DT :

  0.0

  ISFTCFLX :

  0

  ISHALLOW :

  0

  ISFFLX :

  1

  ICLOUD :

  1

  ICLOUD_CU :

  0

  TRACER_PBLMIX :

  1

  SCALAR_PBLMIX :

  0

  YSU_TOPDOWN_PBLMIX :

  0

  GRAV_SETTLING :

  0

  OPT_SFC :

  1

  DVEG :

  4

  OPT_CRS :

  1

  OPT_BTR :

  1

  OPT_RUN :

  1

  OPT_FRZ :

  1

  OPT_INF :

  1

  OPT_RAD :

  1

  OPT_ALB :

  2

  OPT_SNF :

  1

  OPT_TBOT :

  2

  OPT_STC :

  1

  OPT_GLA :

  1

  OPT_RSF :

  1

  OPT_SOIL :

  1

  OPT_PEDO :

  1

  OPT_CROP :

  0

  DFI_OPT :

  0

  SIMULATION_INITIALIZATION_TYPE :

  REAL-DATA CASE

  WEST-EAST_PATCH_START_UNSTAG :

  1

  WEST-EAST_PATCH_END_UNSTAG :

  270

  WEST-EAST_PATCH_START_STAG :

  1

  WEST-EAST_PATCH_END_STAG :

  271

  SOUTH-NORTH_PATCH_START_UNSTAG :

  1

  SOUTH-NORTH_PATCH_END_UNSTAG :

  340

  SOUTH-NORTH_PATCH_START_STAG :

  1

  SOUTH-NORTH_PATCH_END_STAG :

  341

  BOTTOM-TOP_PATCH_START_UNSTAG :

  1

  BOTTOM-TOP_PATCH_END_UNSTAG :

  39

  BOTTOM-TOP_PATCH_START_STAG :

  1

  BOTTOM-TOP_PATCH_END_STAG :

  40

  GRID_ID :

  1

  PARENT_ID :

  1

  I_PARENT_START :

  36

  J_PARENT_START :

  19

  PARENT_GRID_RATIO :

  5

  DT :

  27.935

  CEN_LAT :

  39.707462

  CEN_LON :

  -114.642975

  TRUELAT1 :

  30.0

  TRUELAT2 :

  60.0

  MOAD_CEN_LAT :

  38.0

  STAND_LON :

  -70.0

  POLE_LAT :

  90.0

  POLE_LON :

  0.0

  GMT :

  0.0

  JULYR :

  2099

  JULDAY :

  213

  MAP_PROJ :

  1

  MAP_PROJ_CHAR :

  Lambert Conformal

  MMINLU :

  MODIFIED_IGBP_MODIS_NOAH

  NUM_LAND_CAT :

  21

  ISWATER :

  17

  ISLAKE :

  21

  ISICE :

  15

  ISURBAN :

  13

  ISOILWATER :

  14

  HYBRID_OPT :

  0

  ETAC :

  0.0

While all variables are present, e.g. the information about the projection is still in the metadata and also for some fields, there are non-metpy compliant units attributes.

So let’s try to use the standard xWRF.postprocess() function in order to make this information useable.

ds_new = xwrf.tutorial.open_dataset("wrfout").xwrf.postprocess()
ds_new

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 104MB
Dimensions:                    (y: 340, x: 270, Time: 1, z: 39, x_stag: 271,
                                y_stag: 341)
Coordinates: (12/13)
    XLAT                       (y, x) float32 367kB 22.27 22.31 ... 57.54 57.58
    XLONG                      (y, x) float32 367kB -116.7 -116.6 ... -110.9
    XTIME                      (Time) datetime64[ns] 8B ...
    XLAT_U                     (y, x_stag) float32 369kB 22.25 22.29 ... 57.6
    XLONG_U                    (y, x_stag) float32 369kB -116.7 ... -110.8
    XLAT_V                     (y_stag, x) float32 368kB 22.23 22.28 ... 57.62
    ...                         ...
  * z                          (z) float32 156B 0.9969 0.9899 ... 0.002948
  * Time                       (Time) datetime64[ns] 8B 2099-10-01
  * x                          (x) float64 2kB -4.728e+06 ... -2.307e+06
  * x_stag                     (x_stag) float64 2kB -4.733e+06 ... -2.303e+06
  * y                          (y) float64 3kB -3.341e+05 ... 2.717e+06
  * y_stag                     (y_stag) float64 3kB -3.386e+05 ... 2.721e+06
Data variables:
    Times                      (Time) |S19 19B b'2099-10-01_00:00:00'
    U                          (Time, z, y, x_stag) float32 14MB ...
    V                          (Time, z, y_stag, x) float32 14MB ...
    SINALPHA                   (Time, y, x) float32 367kB 0.5507 ... 0.489
    COSALPHA                   (Time, y, x) float32 367kB 0.8347 ... 0.8723
    QVAPOR                     (Time, z, y, x) float32 14MB ...
    PSN                        (Time, y, x) float32 367kB ...
    air_potential_temperature  (Time, z, y, x) float32 14MB 302.2 ... 501.3
    air_pressure               (Time, z, y, x) float32 14MB 1.009e+05 ... 5.2...
    wind_east                  (Time, z, y, x) float32 14MB -0.8541 ... 12.5
    wind_north                 (Time, z, y, x) float32 14MB -4.625 ... -0.8308
    wrf_projection             object 8B +proj=lcc +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=6370000 +...
Attributes: (12/149)
    TITLE:                            OUTPUT FROM WRF V4.1.3 MODEL
    START_DATE:                      2099-08-01_00:00:00
    SIMULATION_START_DATE:           2099-08-01_00:00:00
    WEST-EAST_GRID_DIMENSION:        271
    SOUTH-NORTH_GRID_DIMENSION:      341
    BOTTOM-TOP_GRID_DIMENSION:       40
    ...                              ...
    ISLAKE:                          21
    ISICE:                           15
    ISURBAN:                         13
    ISOILWATER:                      14
    HYBRID_OPT:                      0
    ETAC:                            0.0

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • y: 340
  • x: 270
  • Time: 1
  • z: 39
  • x_stag: 271
  • y_stag: 341
• Coordinates: (13)
  • XLAT
    (y, x)
    float32
    22.27 22.31 22.35 ... 57.54 57.58

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LATITUDE, SOUTH IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_north

    stagger :

    array([[22.267113, 22.30986 , 22.352562, ..., 31.577175, 31.602276,
            31.627289],
           [22.331947, 22.374748, 22.417519, ..., 31.654675, 31.679817,
            31.704872],
           [22.396782, 22.439636, 22.48246 , ..., 31.732212, 31.757374,
            31.782475],
           ...,
           [43.123325, 43.18635 , 43.249325, ..., 57.357616, 57.397728,
            57.437717],
           [43.17841 , 43.241505, 43.30454 , ..., 57.429012, 57.469185,
            57.509224],
           [43.233448, 43.29659 , 43.359695, ..., 57.500355, 57.54058 ,
            57.580677]], shape=(340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • XLONG
    (y, x)
    float32
    -116.7 -116.6 ... -111.0 -110.9

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LONGITUDE, WEST IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_east

    stagger :

    array([[-116.6951  , -116.625   , -116.55481 , ...,  -95.11899 ,
             -95.027985,  -94.93689 ],
           [-116.74136 , -116.67122 , -116.60101 , ...,  -95.14853 ,
             -95.057434,  -94.96625 ],
           [-116.78769 , -116.71753 , -116.64728 , ...,  -95.17816 ,
             -95.086945,  -94.9957  ],
           ...,
           [-138.24808 , -138.17249 , -138.09671 , ..., -111.02429 ,
            -110.89174 , -110.75894 ],
           [-138.33456 , -138.25897 , -138.18323 , ..., -111.09889 ,
            -110.96619 , -110.83324 ],
           [-138.42117 , -138.34561 , -138.2699  , ..., -111.17375 ,
            -111.04089 , -110.90779 ]], shape=(340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • XTIME
    (Time)
    datetime64[ns]
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    0

    description :

    minutes since 2099-08-01 00:00:00

    stagger :

    [1 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]

  • XLAT_U
    (y, x_stag)
    float32
    22.25 22.29 22.33 ... 57.56 57.6

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LATITUDE, SOUTH IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_north

    stagger :

    X

    array([[22.245712, 22.28849 , 22.331223, ..., 31.589733, 31.614788,
            31.639767],
           [22.310524, 22.353355, 22.396141, ..., 31.667263, 31.692352,
            31.717365],
           [22.375336, 22.41822 , 22.461067, ..., 31.7448  , 31.769936,
            31.794983],
           ...,
           [43.0918  , 43.154846, 43.217846, ..., 57.37768 , 57.417736,
            57.45766 ],
           [43.14686 , 43.20997 , 43.273033, ..., 57.449116, 57.489216,
            57.529198],
           [43.20185 , 43.265022, 43.328148, ..., 57.52048 , 57.560642,
            57.600677]], shape=(340, 271), dtype=float32)

  • XLONG_U
    (y, x_stag)
    float32
    -116.7 -116.7 ... -111.0 -110.8

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LONGITUDE, WEST IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_east

    stagger :

    X

    array([[-116.73012 , -116.660065, -116.58992 , ...,  -95.07349 ,
             -94.98245 ,  -94.89133 ],
           [-116.7764  , -116.7063  , -116.63612 , ...,  -95.103   ,
             -95.01184 ,  -94.920654],
           [-116.822754, -116.752625, -116.68242 , ...,  -95.13257 ,
             -95.04132 ,  -94.95004 ],
           ...,
           [-138.28583 , -138.2103  , -138.13461 , ..., -110.95804 ,
            -110.82536 , -110.692444],
           [-138.37228 , -138.29678 , -138.22112 , ..., -111.03256 ,
            -110.89975 , -110.76668 ],
           [-138.4589  , -138.38342 , -138.30777 , ..., -111.10736 ,
            -110.97438 , -110.841156]], shape=(340, 271), dtype=float32)

  • XLAT_V
    (y_stag, x)
    float32
    22.23 22.28 22.32 ... 57.58 57.62

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LATITUDE, SOUTH IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_north

    stagger :

    Y

    array([[22.234695, 22.27742 , 22.320107, ..., 31.538418, 31.5635  ,
            31.588505],
           [22.299538, 22.342308, 22.38504 , ..., 31.615929, 31.641037,
            31.666084],
           [22.364365, 22.407204, 22.44999 , ..., 31.693443, 31.718601,
            31.743675],
           ...,
           [43.150883, 43.213932, 43.276947, ..., 57.393322, 57.43346 ,
            57.47348 ],
           [43.20594 , 43.26906 , 43.33213 , ..., 57.46469 , 57.504887,
            57.544956],
           [43.260933, 43.324112, 43.387245, ..., 57.536007, 57.57626 ,
            57.616386]], shape=(341, 270), dtype=float32)

  • XLONG_V
    (y_stag, x)
    float32
    -116.7 -116.6 ... -111.1 -110.9

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LONGITUDE, WEST IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_east

    stagger :

    Y

    array([[-116.672   , -116.60191 , -116.53175 , ...,  -95.10425 ,
             -95.013275,  -94.92224 ],
           [-116.718216, -116.6481  , -116.57791 , ...,  -95.13376 ,
             -95.042694,  -94.95157 ],
           [-116.76453 , -116.69437 , -116.62413 , ...,  -95.16333 ,
             -95.072174,  -94.98096 ],
           ...,
           [-138.2913  , -138.2157  , -138.13995 , ..., -111.061554,
            -110.928925, -110.79605 ],
           [-138.37784 , -138.30228 , -138.22653 , ..., -111.13629 ,
            -111.00351 , -110.87048 ],
           [-138.46455 , -138.389   , -138.3133  , ..., -111.21127 ,
            -111.07834 , -110.94516 ]], shape=(341, 270), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (z)
    float32
    0.9969 0.9899 ... 0.009174 0.002948

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    Z

    description :

    eta values on half (mass) levels

    units :

    stagger :

    axis :

    Z

    standard_name :

    atmosphere_sigma_coordinate

    array([0.996907, 0.989883, 0.980982, 0.969786, 0.955825, 0.938608, 0.917657,
           0.892567, 0.863075, 0.829143, 0.791013, 0.749237, 0.70464 , 0.658129,
           0.610267, 0.56134 , 0.51169 , 0.461709, 0.412043, 0.365234, 0.323141,
           0.285288, 0.251248, 0.220637, 0.19311 , 0.168355, 0.146094, 0.126076,
           0.108074, 0.091886, 0.077328, 0.064236, 0.052464, 0.041877, 0.032357,
           0.023796, 0.016097, 0.009174, 0.002948], dtype=float32)

  • Time
    (Time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2099-10-01

    long_name :

    Time

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2099-10-01T00:00:00.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • x
    (x)
    float64
    -4.728e+06 ... -2.307e+06

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    projection_x_coordinate

    axis :

    X

    array([-4728113.202456, -4719113.202456, -4710113.202456, ..., -2325113.202456,
           -2316113.202456, -2307113.202456], shape=(270,))

  • x_stag
    (x_stag)
    float64
    -4.733e+06 ... -2.303e+06

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    projection_x_coordinate

    axis :

    X

    c_grid_axis_shift :

    0.5

    array([-4732613.202456, -4723613.202456, -4714613.202456, ..., -2320613.202456,
           -2311613.202456, -2302613.202456], shape=(271,))

  • y
    (y)
    float64
    -3.341e+05 -3.251e+05 ... 2.717e+06

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    projection_y_coordinate

    axis :

    Y

    array([-334086.880875, -325086.880875, -316086.880875, ..., 2698913.119125,
           2707913.119125, 2716913.119125], shape=(340,))

  • y_stag
    (y_stag)
    float64
    -3.386e+05 -3.296e+05 ... 2.721e+06

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    projection_y_coordinate

    axis :

    Y

    c_grid_axis_shift :

    0.5

    array([-338586.880875, -329586.880875, -320586.880875, ..., 2703413.119125,
           2712413.119125, 2721413.119125], shape=(341,))

• Data variables: (12)
  • Times
    (Time)
    |S19
    b'2099-10-01_00:00:00'

    array([b'2099-10-01_00:00:00'], dtype='|S19')

  • U
    (Time, z, y, x_stag)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XYZ

    description :

    x-wind component

    units :

    m s-1

    stagger :

    X

    standard_name :

    x_wind

    grid_mapping :

    wrf_projection

    [3593460 values with dtype=float32]

  • V
    (Time, z, y_stag, x)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XYZ

    description :

    y-wind component

    units :

    m s-1

    stagger :

    Y

    standard_name :

    y_wind

    grid_mapping :

    wrf_projection

    [3590730 values with dtype=float32]

  • SINALPHA
    (Time, y, x)
    float32
    0.5507 0.5499 ... 0.4904 0.489

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    Local sine of map rotation

    units :

    stagger :

    grid_mapping :

    wrf_projection

    array([[[0.550675, 0.549925, ..., 0.307487, 0.306409],
            [0.55113 , 0.550443, ..., 0.307798, 0.306844],
            ...,
            [0.753537, 0.752919, ..., 0.489583, 0.488135],
            [0.754212, 0.753628, ..., 0.490418, 0.488978]]],
          shape=(1, 340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • COSALPHA
    (Time, y, x)
    float32
    0.8347 0.8352 ... 0.8715 0.8723

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    Local cosine of map rotation

    units :

    stagger :

    grid_mapping :

    wrf_projection

    array([[[0.83472 , 0.835214, ..., 0.951552, 0.9519  ],
            [0.834419, 0.834873, ..., 0.951452, 0.95176 ],
            ...,
            [0.657405, 0.658113, ..., 0.871957, 0.872768],
            [0.656631, 0.657301, ..., 0.871488, 0.872296]]],
          shape=(1, 340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • QVAPOR
    (Time, z, y, x)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XYZ

    description :

    Water vapor mixing ratio

    units :

    kg kg-1

    stagger :

    standard_name :

    humidity_mixing_ratio

    grid_mapping :

    wrf_projection

    [3580200 values with dtype=float32]

  • PSN
    (Time, y, x)
    float32
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    total photosynthesis

    units :

    umol m-2 s-1

    stagger :

    grid_mapping :

    wrf_projection

    [91800 values with dtype=float32]

  • air_potential_temperature
    (Time, z, y, x)
    float32
    302.2 302.2 302.1 ... 500.9 501.3

    units :

    K

    standard_name :

    air_potential_temperature

    grid_mapping :

    wrf_projection

    array([[[[302.2178 , 302.17795, 302.14697, ..., 309.85126, 309.998  ,
              310.20917],
             [302.15958, 302.1005 , 302.07257, ..., 309.80194, 309.98178,
              310.21805],
             [302.1024 , 302.04657, 302.02698, ..., 309.79474, 309.9654 ,
              310.218  ],
             ...,
             [294.01733, 293.94885, 293.87872, ..., 299.75992, 299.78146,
              299.91333],
             [293.89966, 293.83206, 293.7601 , ..., 299.74985, 299.71503,
              299.87827],
             [293.75082, 293.6893 , 293.63437, ..., 299.91293, 299.87457,
              299.82648]],
    
            [[302.15466, 302.1115 , 302.07803, ..., 310.04184, 310.18045,
              310.36914],
             [302.09653, 302.04797, 302.01956, ..., 309.9391 , 310.0949 ,
              310.3198 ],
             [302.03952, 301.99722, 301.9802 , ..., 309.9082 , 310.06012,
              310.2754 ],
    ...
             [473.43777, 473.504  , 473.58804, ..., 488.8739 , 489.20853,
              489.73877],
             [473.50473, 473.56265, 473.6392 , ..., 487.69406, 487.9928 ,
              488.89774],
             [473.57278, 473.64084, 473.70883, ..., 487.70218, 487.9865 ,
              488.3302 ]],
    
            [[476.47336, 476.42172, 476.37027, ..., 483.04947, 482.9506 ,
              482.89374],
             [476.35507, 476.34262, 476.32498, ..., 483.52145, 483.4816 ,
              483.2141 ],
             [476.2432 , 476.2723 , 476.327  , ..., 483.89902, 483.8635 ,
              483.39542],
             ...,
             [489.00433, 489.09375, 489.18805, ..., 502.05865, 502.43512,
              502.85574],
             [489.0891 , 489.169  , 489.25308, ..., 500.75604, 501.10468,
              501.93396],
             [489.17603, 489.25244, 489.32892, ..., 500.64648, 500.9417 ,
              501.3029 ]]]], shape=(1, 39, 340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • air_pressure
    (Time, z, y, x)
    float32
    1.009e+05 1.009e+05 ... 5.249e+03

    units :

    Pa

    standard_name :

    air_pressure

    grid_mapping :

    wrf_projection

    array([[[[100893.734 , 100889.61  , 100888.09  , ...,  99661.97  ,
               99665.875 ,  99651.086 ],
             [100893.55  , 100891.305 , 100887.91  , ...,  99460.77  ,
               99437.125 ,  99507.88  ],
             [100896.195 , 100891.875 , 100890.65  , ...,  99259.664 ,
               99260.1   ,  99446.16  ],
             ...,
             [101696.73  , 101671.125 , 101662.305 , ...,  95169.67  ,
               95047.93  ,  94998.36  ],
             [101684.664 , 101665.67  , 101655.04  , ...,  95912.805 ,
               95763.6   ,  95652.57  ],
             [101672.53  , 101665.94  , 101659.2   , ...,  96404.76  ,
               96312.66  ,  96160.69  ]],
    
            [[100203.97  , 100202.63  , 100201.086 , ...,  98989.78  ,
               98996.55  ,  98979.    ],
             [100206.67  , 100205.6   , 100202.766 , ...,  98787.086 ,
               98764.5   ,  98832.36  ],
             [100209.414 , 100205.04  , 100203.88  , ...,  98584.98  ,
               98589.43  ,  98770.89  ],
    ...
                5825.9956,   5821.3135],
             [  5886.796 ,   5886.5864,   5886.468 , ...,   5833.852 ,
                5831.8096,   5818.641 ],
             [  5886.6597,   5886.6133,   5886.5464, ...,   5813.8115,
                5815.558 ,   5817.2427]],
    
            [[  5281.6   ,   5281.608 ,   5281.594 , ...,   5275.668 ,
                5275.5195,   5275.705 ],
             [  5281.6064,   5281.692 ,   5281.7773, ...,   5277.55  ,
                5277.2354,   5277.1577],
             [  5281.6157,   5281.8145,   5281.881 , ...,   5276.886 ,
                5276.828 ,   5277.4326],
             ...,
             [  5284.9956,   5284.882 ,   5284.917 , ...,   5266.0586,
                5265.268 ,   5260.8257],
             [  5284.9634,   5284.8643,   5284.846 , ...,   5267.7246,
                5266.5693,   5254.022 ],
             [  5284.9243,   5284.8877,   5284.871 , ...,   5244.3447,
                5246.701 ,   5249.4062]]]],
          shape=(1, 39, 340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • wind_east
    (Time, z, y, x)
    float32
    -0.8541 -0.7383 ... 11.13 12.5

    description :

    earth-relative x-wind component

    standard_name :

    eastward_wind

    units :

    m s-1

    grid_mapping :

    wrf_projection

    array([[[[-0.8540844 , -0.738251  , -0.545264  , ...,  1.4950651 ,
               1.7660816 ,  1.9395261 ],
             [-0.8818562 , -0.74259746, -0.5333221 , ...,  1.348903  ,
               1.5153437 ,  1.7764862 ],
             [-0.9169271 , -0.7991271 , -0.6141951 , ...,  1.3527424 ,
               1.460252  ,  1.6192899 ],
             ...,
             [ 9.255407  ,  9.28659   ,  9.1721    , ...,  4.580781  ,
               4.4629016 ,  3.488285  ],
             [ 9.394391  ,  9.397248  ,  9.32838   , ...,  5.3224483 ,
               4.4839735 ,  3.1068704 ],
             [ 9.494457  ,  9.411124  ,  9.363975  , ...,  5.2005925 ,
               4.8733425 ,  3.7735646 ]],
    
            [[-0.87797356, -0.7614403 , -0.59394455, ...,  1.882653  ,
               2.3743167 ,  2.5777702 ],
             [-0.90974176, -0.77123356, -0.5847976 , ...,  1.7839468 ,
               2.272645  ,  2.497768  ],
             [-0.9420047 , -0.8337804 , -0.67352176, ...,  1.8757367 ,
               2.2196953 ,  2.3774064 ],
    ...
              11.583581  , 14.111986  ],
             [14.562296  , 14.829544  , 15.028374  , ..., 11.101351  ,
              11.73059   , 14.226654  ],
             [14.707831  , 14.862129  , 15.002537  , ..., 12.704432  ,
              12.850094  , 14.030186  ]],
    
            [[-1.1588178 , -1.0782948 , -1.0017282 , ...,  1.8423607 ,
               1.7980661 ,  1.6273091 ],
             [-1.1129029 , -1.0681975 , -0.9338307 , ...,  3.0397072 ,
               2.6984587 ,  1.9549323 ],
             [-1.0991675 , -1.181081  , -1.0825561 , ...,  3.7225795 ,
               3.3059304 ,  2.319018  ],
             ...,
             [12.773672  , 13.064896  , 13.278723  , ...,  9.394521  ,
               9.826231  , 12.684486  ],
             [12.933495  , 13.184     , 13.374461  , ...,  9.11593   ,
               9.9368305 , 12.795868  ],
             [13.088163  , 13.237101  , 13.3752    , ..., 10.920462  ,
              11.129587  , 12.496285  ]]]],
          shape=(1, 39, 340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • wind_north
    (Time, z, y, x)
    float32
    -4.625 -4.673 ... 1.816 -0.8308

    description :

    earth-relative y-wind component

    standard_name :

    northward_wind

    units :

    m s-1

    grid_mapping :

    wrf_projection

    array([[[[-4.625021  , -4.672907  , -4.6579976 , ...,  1.4050572 ,
               1.8441586 ,  1.8566093 ],
             [-4.6431847 , -4.6925297 , -4.7269144 , ...,  1.4270046 ,
               1.8259178 ,  1.5425265 ],
             [-4.668718  , -4.757461  , -4.8948293 , ...,  1.389767  ,
               1.520586  ,  1.3850341 ],
             ...,
             [ 4.794052  ,  4.7492647 ,  4.611526  , ...,  0.43968475,
               0.78856385,  2.5498574 ],
             [ 4.9058867 ,  4.8186946 ,  4.7017984 , ..., -1.3876191 ,
              -0.9885657 ,  1.9444878 ],
             [ 5.036254  ,  4.9369807 ,  4.929799  , ..., -0.39812922,
               0.06590939,  1.9560229 ]],
    
            [[-4.705167  , -4.7686434 , -4.7655582 , ...,  2.8860447 ,
               3.1359808 ,  3.1330578 ],
             [-4.7231646 , -4.7933445 , -4.839011  , ...,  2.869423  ,
               2.926505  ,  2.7108972 ],
             [-4.746778  , -4.852798  , -5.0155826 , ...,  2.6289225 ,
               2.5925276 ,  2.2990665 ],
    ...
               3.3202448 , -0.97702503],
             [ 0.68425226,  0.6620259 ,  0.6120138 , ...,  4.6052747 ,
               3.7341204 , -0.77401686],
             [ 0.7133646 ,  0.6931381 ,  0.68342495, ...,  1.8882256 ,
               1.5094337 , -0.7453499 ]],
    
            [[-1.8963432 , -1.9534891 , -2.0191271 , ..., -2.4899073 ,
              -2.3808224 , -1.8639506 ],
             [-1.9133167 , -2.102458  , -2.2750735 , ..., -3.0703487 ,
              -2.6602528 , -1.7590413 ],
             [-1.9375069 , -2.2115326 , -2.4996529 , ..., -2.6262143 ,
              -2.0609305 , -1.6413777 ],
             ...,
             [ 0.4336295 ,  0.45961046,  0.42820263, ...,  5.657872  ,
               3.8786335 , -1.0758381 ],
             [ 0.4661355 ,  0.45708084,  0.42236185, ...,  5.65936   ,
               4.4304385 , -0.8349829 ],
             [ 0.4922285 ,  0.48539257,  0.48712826, ...,  2.3730152 ,
               1.8162851 , -0.8307915 ]]]],
          shape=(1, 39, 340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • wrf_projection
    ()
    object
    +proj=lcc +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=63700...

    crs_wkt :

    PROJCRS["unknown",BASEGEOGCRS["unknown",DATUM["unknown",ELLIPSOID["unknown",6370000,0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8901]]],CONVERSION["unknown",METHOD["Lambert Conic Conformal (2SP)",ID["EPSG",9802]],PARAMETER["Latitude of false origin",38,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8821]],PARAMETER["Longitude of false origin",-70,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8822]],PARAMETER["Latitude of 1st standard parallel",30,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8823]],PARAMETER["Latitude of 2nd standard parallel",60,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8824]],PARAMETER["Easting at false origin",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8826]],PARAMETER["Northing at false origin",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8827]]],CS[Cartesian,2],AXIS["(E)",east,ORDER[1],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]],AXIS["(N)",north,ORDER[2],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]]]

    semi_major_axis :

    6370000.0

    semi_minor_axis :

    6370000.0

    inverse_flattening :

    0.0

    reference_ellipsoid_name :

    unknown

    longitude_of_prime_meridian :

    0.0

    prime_meridian_name :

    Greenwich

    geographic_crs_name :

    unknown

    horizontal_datum_name :

    unknown

    projected_crs_name :

    unknown

    grid_mapping_name :

    lambert_conformal_conic

    standard_parallel :

    (30.0, 60.0)

    latitude_of_projection_origin :

    38.0

    longitude_of_central_meridian :

    -70.0

    false_easting :

    0.0

    false_northing :

    0.0

    array(<Projected CRS: +proj=lcc +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=6370000 +b=6370000 +lat ...>
    Name: unknown
    Axis Info [cartesian]:
    - E[east]: Easting (metre)
    - N[north]: Northing (metre)
    Area of Use:
    - undefined
    Coordinate Operation:
    - name: unknown
    - method: Lambert Conic Conformal (2SP)
    Datum: unknown
    - Ellipsoid: unknown
    - Prime Meridian: Greenwich
    , dtype=object)

• Indexes: (6)
  • z
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0.9969073534011841,    0.9898827075958252,    0.9809824228286743,
              0.9697859287261963,    0.9558253288269043,    0.9386084079742432,
              0.9176574945449829,    0.8925668001174927,    0.8630751371383667,
              0.8291428089141846,    0.7910133600234985,    0.7492371797561646,
              0.7046403884887695,    0.6581294536590576,    0.6102670431137085,
                0.56134033203125,    0.5116900205612183,   0.46170908212661743,
             0.41204261779785156,    0.3652341961860657,    0.3231409788131714,
              0.2852879762649536,    0.2512480318546295,   0.22063706815242767,
              0.1931096762418747,   0.16835521161556244,   0.14609435200691223,
             0.12607592344284058,   0.10807403922080994,    0.0918855369091034,
             0.07732777297496796,   0.06423646211624146,   0.05246390402317047,
             0.04187723994255066,  0.032357003539800644,  0.023795776069164276,
            0.016096951439976692,  0.009173668920993805, 0.0029478128999471664],
          dtype='float32', name='z'))

  • Time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2099-10-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='Time', freq=None))

  • x
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-4728113.2024558205, -4719113.2024558205, -4710113.2024558205,
           -4701113.2024558205, -4692113.2024558205, -4683113.2024558205,
           -4674113.2024558205, -4665113.2024558205, -4656113.2024558205,
           -4647113.2024558205,
           ...
           -2388113.2024558205, -2379113.2024558205, -2370113.2024558205,
           -2361113.2024558205, -2352113.2024558205, -2343113.2024558205,
           -2334113.2024558205, -2325113.2024558205, -2316113.2024558205,
           -2307113.2024558205],
          dtype='float64', name='x', length=270))

  • x_stag
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-4732613.2024558205, -4723613.2024558205, -4714613.2024558205,
           -4705613.2024558205, -4696613.2024558205, -4687613.2024558205,
           -4678613.2024558205, -4669613.2024558205, -4660613.2024558205,
           -4651613.2024558205,
           ...
           -2383613.2024558205, -2374613.2024558205, -2365613.2024558205,
           -2356613.2024558205, -2347613.2024558205, -2338613.2024558205,
           -2329613.2024558205, -2320613.2024558205, -2311613.2024558205,
           -2302613.2024558205],
          dtype='float64', name='x_stag', length=271))

  • y
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-334086.8808752261, -325086.8808752261, -316086.8808752261,
           -307086.8808752261, -298086.8808752261, -289086.8808752261,
           -280086.8808752261, -271086.8808752261, -262086.8808752261,
           -253086.8808752261,
           ...
            2635913.119124774,  2644913.119124774,  2653913.119124774,
            2662913.119124774,  2671913.119124774,  2680913.119124774,
            2689913.119124774,  2698913.119124774,  2707913.119124774,
            2716913.119124774],
          dtype='float64', name='y', length=340))

  • y_stag
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-338586.8808752261, -329586.8808752261, -320586.8808752261,
           -311586.8808752261, -302586.8808752261, -293586.8808752261,
           -284586.8808752261, -275586.8808752261, -266586.8808752261,
           -257586.8808752261,
           ...
            2640413.119124774,  2649413.119124774,  2658413.119124774,
            2667413.119124774,  2676413.119124774,  2685413.119124774,
            2694413.119124774,  2703413.119124774,  2712413.119124774,
            2721413.119124774],
          dtype='float64', name='y_stag', length=341))

• Attributes: (149)

  TITLE :

  OUTPUT FROM WRF V4.1.3 MODEL

  START_DATE :

  2099-08-01_00:00:00

  SIMULATION_START_DATE :

  2099-08-01_00:00:00

  WEST-EAST_GRID_DIMENSION :

  271

  SOUTH-NORTH_GRID_DIMENSION :

  341

  BOTTOM-TOP_GRID_DIMENSION :

  40

  DX :

  9000.0

  DY :

  9000.0

  AERCU_OPT :

  0

  AERCU_FCT :

  1.0

  IDEAL_CASE :

  0

  DIFF_6TH_SLOPEOPT :

  0

  AUTO_LEVELS_OPT :

  2

  DIFF_6TH_THRESH :

  0.1

  DZBOT :

  50.0

  DZSTRETCH_S :

  1.3

  DZSTRETCH_U :

  1.1

  SKEBS_ON :

  0

  SPEC_BDY_FINAL_MU :

  1

  USE_Q_DIABATIC :

  0

  GRIDTYPE :

  C

  DIFF_OPT :

  2

  KM_OPT :

  4

  DAMP_OPT :

  3

  DAMPCOEF :

  0.2

  KHDIF :

  0.0

  KVDIF :

  0.0

  MP_PHYSICS :

  51

  RA_LW_PHYSICS :

  4

  RA_SW_PHYSICS :

  4

  SF_SFCLAY_PHYSICS :

  1

  SF_SURFACE_PHYSICS :

  4

  BL_PBL_PHYSICS :

  1

  CU_PHYSICS :

  6

  SF_LAKE_PHYSICS :

  1

  SURFACE_INPUT_SOURCE :

  3

  SST_UPDATE :

  1

  GRID_FDDA :

  0

  GFDDA_INTERVAL_M :

  0

  GFDDA_END_H :

  0

  GRID_SFDDA :

  0

  SGFDDA_INTERVAL_M :

  0

  SGFDDA_END_H :

  0

  HYPSOMETRIC_OPT :

  2

  USE_THETA_M :

  1

  GWD_OPT :

  0

  SF_URBAN_PHYSICS :

  0

  SF_SURFACE_MOSAIC :

  0

  SF_OCEAN_PHYSICS :

  0

  SHCU_PHYSICS :

  0

  MFSHCONV :

  0

  FEEDBACK :

  0

  SMOOTH_OPTION :

  0

  SWRAD_SCAT :

  1.0

  W_DAMPING :

  0

  ADAPT_DT_START :

  54.0

  ADAPT_DT_MAX :

  72.0

  ADAPT_DT_MIN :

  36.0

  RADT :

  9.0

  BLDT :

  0.0

  CUDT :

  0.0

  AER_OPT :

  0

  SWINT_OPT :

  0

  AER_TYPE :

  1

  AER_AOD550_OPT :

  1

  AER_ANGEXP_OPT :

  1

  AER_SSA_OPT :

  1

  AER_ASY_OPT :

  1

  AER_AOD550_VAL :

  0.12

  AER_ANGEXP_VAL :

  1.3

  AER_SSA_VAL :

  0.85

  AER_ASY_VAL :

  0.9

  MOIST_ADV_OPT :

  1

  SCALAR_ADV_OPT :

  1

  TKE_ADV_OPT :

  1

  DIFF_6TH_OPT :

  0

  DIFF_6TH_FACTOR :

  0.12

  OBS_NUDGE_OPT :

  0

  BUCKET_MM :

  -1.0

  BUCKET_J :

  -1.0

  PREC_ACC_DT :

  0.0

  ISFTCFLX :

  0

  ISHALLOW :

  0

  ISFFLX :

  1

  ICLOUD :

  1

  ICLOUD_CU :

  0

  TRACER_PBLMIX :

  1

  SCALAR_PBLMIX :

  0

  YSU_TOPDOWN_PBLMIX :

  0

  GRAV_SETTLING :

  0

  OPT_SFC :

  1

  DVEG :

  4

  OPT_CRS :

  1

  OPT_BTR :

  1

  OPT_RUN :

  1

  OPT_FRZ :

  1

  OPT_INF :

  1

  OPT_RAD :

  1

  OPT_ALB :

  2

  OPT_SNF :

  1

  OPT_TBOT :

  2

  OPT_STC :

  1

  OPT_GLA :

  1

  OPT_RSF :

  1

  OPT_SOIL :

  1

  OPT_PEDO :

  1

  OPT_CROP :

  0

  DFI_OPT :

  0

  SIMULATION_INITIALIZATION_TYPE :

  REAL-DATA CASE

  WEST-EAST_PATCH_START_UNSTAG :

  1

  WEST-EAST_PATCH_END_UNSTAG :

  270

  WEST-EAST_PATCH_START_STAG :

  1

  WEST-EAST_PATCH_END_STAG :

  271

  SOUTH-NORTH_PATCH_START_UNSTAG :

  1

  SOUTH-NORTH_PATCH_END_UNSTAG :

  340

  SOUTH-NORTH_PATCH_START_STAG :

  1

  SOUTH-NORTH_PATCH_END_STAG :

  341

  BOTTOM-TOP_PATCH_START_UNSTAG :

  1

  BOTTOM-TOP_PATCH_END_UNSTAG :

  39

  BOTTOM-TOP_PATCH_START_STAG :

  1

  BOTTOM-TOP_PATCH_END_STAG :

  40

  GRID_ID :

  1

  PARENT_ID :

  1

  I_PARENT_START :

  36

  J_PARENT_START :

  19

  PARENT_GRID_RATIO :

  5

  DT :

  27.935

  CEN_LAT :

  39.707462

  CEN_LON :

  -114.642975

  TRUELAT1 :

  30.0

  TRUELAT2 :

  60.0

  MOAD_CEN_LAT :

  38.0

  STAND_LON :

  -70.0

  POLE_LAT :

  90.0

  POLE_LON :

  0.0

  GMT :

  0.0

  JULYR :

  2099

  JULDAY :

  213

  MAP_PROJ :

  1

  MAP_PROJ_CHAR :

  Lambert Conformal

  MMINLU :

  MODIFIED_IGBP_MODIS_NOAH

  NUM_LAND_CAT :

  21

  ISWATER :

  17

  ISLAKE :

  21

  ISICE :

  15

  ISURBAN :

  13

  ISOILWATER :

  14

  HYBRID_OPT :

  0

  ETAC :

  0.0

As you see, xWRF added some coordinate data, reassigned some dimensions and generally increased the amount of information available in the dataset.

Projection treatment

xWRF has determined the correct projection from the netCDF metadata and has added a wrf_projection variable to the dataset storing the pyproj projection object.

ds_new['wrf_projection'].item()

<Projected CRS: +proj=lcc +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=6370000 +b=6370000 +lat ...>
Name: unknown
Axis Info [cartesian]:
- E[east]: Easting (metre)
- N[north]: Northing (metre)
Area of Use:
- undefined
Coordinate Operation:
- name: unknown
- method: Lambert Conic Conformal (2SP)
Datum: unknown
- Ellipsoid: unknown
- Prime Meridian: Greenwich

Using this projection xWRF has also calculated the regular model grid, which the WRF simulation is performed on and which can be used for e.g. bilinear interpolation.

ds_new[['x', 'y']]

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 739kB
Dimensions:  (x: 270, y: 340)
Coordinates:
  * x        (x) float64 2kB -4.728e+06 -4.719e+06 ... -2.316e+06 -2.307e+06
  * y        (y) float64 3kB -3.341e+05 -3.251e+05 ... 2.708e+06 2.717e+06
    XLAT     (y, x) float32 367kB 22.27 22.31 22.35 22.4 ... 57.5 57.54 57.58
    XLONG    (y, x) float32 367kB -116.7 -116.6 -116.6 ... -111.2 -111.0 -110.9
Data variables:
    *empty*
Attributes: (12/149)
    TITLE:                            OUTPUT FROM WRF V4.1.3 MODEL
    START_DATE:                      2099-08-01_00:00:00
    SIMULATION_START_DATE:           2099-08-01_00:00:00
    WEST-EAST_GRID_DIMENSION:        271
    SOUTH-NORTH_GRID_DIMENSION:      341
    BOTTOM-TOP_GRID_DIMENSION:       40
    ...                              ...
    ISLAKE:                          21
    ISICE:                           15
    ISURBAN:                         13
    ISOILWATER:                      14
    HYBRID_OPT:                      0
    ETAC:                            0.0

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • x: 270
  • y: 340
• Coordinates: (4)
  • x
    (x)
    float64
    -4.728e+06 ... -2.307e+06

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    projection_x_coordinate

    axis :

    X

    array([-4728113.202456, -4719113.202456, -4710113.202456, ..., -2325113.202456,
           -2316113.202456, -2307113.202456], shape=(270,))

  • y
    (y)
    float64
    -3.341e+05 -3.251e+05 ... 2.717e+06

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    projection_y_coordinate

    axis :

    Y

    array([-334086.880875, -325086.880875, -316086.880875, ..., 2698913.119125,
           2707913.119125, 2716913.119125], shape=(340,))

  • XLAT
    (y, x)
    float32
    22.27 22.31 22.35 ... 57.54 57.58

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LATITUDE, SOUTH IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_north

    stagger :

    array([[22.267113, 22.30986 , 22.352562, ..., 31.577175, 31.602276,
            31.627289],
           [22.331947, 22.374748, 22.417519, ..., 31.654675, 31.679817,
            31.704872],
           [22.396782, 22.439636, 22.48246 , ..., 31.732212, 31.757374,
            31.782475],
           ...,
           [43.123325, 43.18635 , 43.249325, ..., 57.357616, 57.397728,
            57.437717],
           [43.17841 , 43.241505, 43.30454 , ..., 57.429012, 57.469185,
            57.509224],
           [43.233448, 43.29659 , 43.359695, ..., 57.500355, 57.54058 ,
            57.580677]], shape=(340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • XLONG
    (y, x)
    float32
    -116.7 -116.6 ... -111.0 -110.9

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LONGITUDE, WEST IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_east

    stagger :

    array([[-116.6951  , -116.625   , -116.55481 , ...,  -95.11899 ,
             -95.027985,  -94.93689 ],
           [-116.74136 , -116.67122 , -116.60101 , ...,  -95.14853 ,
             -95.057434,  -94.96625 ],
           [-116.78769 , -116.71753 , -116.64728 , ...,  -95.17816 ,
             -95.086945,  -94.9957  ],
           ...,
           [-138.24808 , -138.17249 , -138.09671 , ..., -111.02429 ,
            -110.89174 , -110.75894 ],
           [-138.33456 , -138.25897 , -138.18323 , ..., -111.09889 ,
            -110.96619 , -110.83324 ],
           [-138.42117 , -138.34561 , -138.2699  , ..., -111.17375 ,
            -111.04089 , -110.90779 ]], shape=(340, 270), dtype=float32)

• Data variables: (0)
• Indexes: (2)
  • x
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-4728113.2024558205, -4719113.2024558205, -4710113.2024558205,
           -4701113.2024558205, -4692113.2024558205, -4683113.2024558205,
           -4674113.2024558205, -4665113.2024558205, -4656113.2024558205,
           -4647113.2024558205,
           ...
           -2388113.2024558205, -2379113.2024558205, -2370113.2024558205,
           -2361113.2024558205, -2352113.2024558205, -2343113.2024558205,
           -2334113.2024558205, -2325113.2024558205, -2316113.2024558205,
           -2307113.2024558205],
          dtype='float64', name='x', length=270))

  • y
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-334086.8808752261, -325086.8808752261, -316086.8808752261,
           -307086.8808752261, -298086.8808752261, -289086.8808752261,
           -280086.8808752261, -271086.8808752261, -262086.8808752261,
           -253086.8808752261,
           ...
            2635913.119124774,  2644913.119124774,  2653913.119124774,
            2662913.119124774,  2671913.119124774,  2680913.119124774,
            2689913.119124774,  2698913.119124774,  2707913.119124774,
            2716913.119124774],
          dtype='float64', name='y', length=340))

• Attributes: (149)

  TITLE :

  OUTPUT FROM WRF V4.1.3 MODEL

  START_DATE :

  2099-08-01_00:00:00

  SIMULATION_START_DATE :

  2099-08-01_00:00:00

  WEST-EAST_GRID_DIMENSION :

  271

  SOUTH-NORTH_GRID_DIMENSION :

  341

  BOTTOM-TOP_GRID_DIMENSION :

  40

  DX :

  9000.0

  DY :

  9000.0

  AERCU_OPT :

  0

  AERCU_FCT :

  1.0

  IDEAL_CASE :

  0

  DIFF_6TH_SLOPEOPT :

  0

  AUTO_LEVELS_OPT :

  2

  DIFF_6TH_THRESH :

  0.1

  DZBOT :

  50.0

  DZSTRETCH_S :

  1.3

  DZSTRETCH_U :

  1.1

  SKEBS_ON :

  0

  SPEC_BDY_FINAL_MU :

  1

  USE_Q_DIABATIC :

  0

  GRIDTYPE :

  C

  DIFF_OPT :

  2

  KM_OPT :

  4

  DAMP_OPT :

  3

  DAMPCOEF :

  0.2

  KHDIF :

  0.0

  KVDIF :

  0.0

  MP_PHYSICS :

  51

  RA_LW_PHYSICS :

  4

  RA_SW_PHYSICS :

  4

  SF_SFCLAY_PHYSICS :

  1

  SF_SURFACE_PHYSICS :

  4

  BL_PBL_PHYSICS :

  1

  CU_PHYSICS :

  6

  SF_LAKE_PHYSICS :

  1

  SURFACE_INPUT_SOURCE :

  3

  SST_UPDATE :

  1

  GRID_FDDA :

  0

  GFDDA_INTERVAL_M :

  0

  GFDDA_END_H :

  0

  GRID_SFDDA :

  0

  SGFDDA_INTERVAL_M :

  0

  SGFDDA_END_H :

  0

  HYPSOMETRIC_OPT :

  2

  USE_THETA_M :

  1

  GWD_OPT :

  0

  SF_URBAN_PHYSICS :

  0

  SF_SURFACE_MOSAIC :

  0

  SF_OCEAN_PHYSICS :

  0

  SHCU_PHYSICS :

  0

  MFSHCONV :

  0

  FEEDBACK :

  0

  SMOOTH_OPTION :

  0

  SWRAD_SCAT :

  1.0

  W_DAMPING :

  0

  ADAPT_DT_START :

  54.0

  ADAPT_DT_MAX :

  72.0

  ADAPT_DT_MIN :

  36.0

  RADT :

  9.0

  BLDT :

  0.0

  CUDT :

  0.0

  AER_OPT :

  0

  SWINT_OPT :

  0

  AER_TYPE :

  1

  AER_AOD550_OPT :

  1

  AER_ANGEXP_OPT :

  1

  AER_SSA_OPT :

  1

  AER_ASY_OPT :

  1

  AER_AOD550_VAL :

  0.12

  AER_ANGEXP_VAL :

  1.3

  AER_SSA_VAL :

  0.85

  AER_ASY_VAL :

  0.9

  MOIST_ADV_OPT :

  1

  SCALAR_ADV_OPT :

  1

  TKE_ADV_OPT :

  1

  DIFF_6TH_OPT :

  0

  DIFF_6TH_FACTOR :

  0.12

  OBS_NUDGE_OPT :

  0

  BUCKET_MM :

  -1.0

  BUCKET_J :

  -1.0

  PREC_ACC_DT :

  0.0

  ISFTCFLX :

  0

  ISHALLOW :

  0

  ISFFLX :

  1

  ICLOUD :

  1

  ICLOUD_CU :

  0

  TRACER_PBLMIX :

  1

  SCALAR_PBLMIX :

  0

  YSU_TOPDOWN_PBLMIX :

  0

  GRAV_SETTLING :

  0

  OPT_SFC :

  1

  DVEG :

  4

  OPT_CRS :

  1

  OPT_BTR :

  1

  OPT_RUN :

  1

  OPT_FRZ :

  1

  OPT_INF :

  1

  OPT_RAD :

  1

  OPT_ALB :

  2

  OPT_SNF :

  1

  OPT_TBOT :

  2

  OPT_STC :

  1

  OPT_GLA :

  1

  OPT_RSF :

  1

  OPT_SOIL :

  1

  OPT_PEDO :

  1

  OPT_CROP :

  0

  DFI_OPT :

  0

  SIMULATION_INITIALIZATION_TYPE :

  REAL-DATA CASE

  WEST-EAST_PATCH_START_UNSTAG :

  1

  WEST-EAST_PATCH_END_UNSTAG :

  270

  WEST-EAST_PATCH_START_STAG :

  1

  WEST-EAST_PATCH_END_STAG :

  271

  SOUTH-NORTH_PATCH_START_UNSTAG :

  1

  SOUTH-NORTH_PATCH_END_UNSTAG :

  340

  SOUTH-NORTH_PATCH_START_STAG :

  1

  SOUTH-NORTH_PATCH_END_STAG :

  341

  BOTTOM-TOP_PATCH_START_UNSTAG :

  1

  BOTTOM-TOP_PATCH_END_UNSTAG :

  39

  BOTTOM-TOP_PATCH_START_STAG :

  1

  BOTTOM-TOP_PATCH_END_STAG :

  40

  GRID_ID :

  1

  PARENT_ID :

  1

  I_PARENT_START :

  36

  J_PARENT_START :

  19

  PARENT_GRID_RATIO :

  5

  DT :

  27.935

  CEN_LAT :

  39.707462

  CEN_LON :

  -114.642975

  TRUELAT1 :

  30.0

  TRUELAT2 :

  60.0

  MOAD_CEN_LAT :

  38.0

  STAND_LON :

  -70.0

  POLE_LAT :

  90.0

  POLE_LON :

  0.0

  GMT :

  0.0

  JULYR :

  2099

  JULDAY :

  213

  MAP_PROJ :

  1

  MAP_PROJ_CHAR :

  Lambert Conformal

  MMINLU :

  MODIFIED_IGBP_MODIS_NOAH

  NUM_LAND_CAT :

  21

  ISWATER :

  17

  ISLAKE :

  21

  ISICE :

  15

  ISURBAN :

  13

  ISOILWATER :

  14

  HYBRID_OPT :

  0

  ETAC :

  0.0

Attribute changes

xWRF adds additional attributes to variables in order to make them CF- and COMODO-compliant. It also amends unit attributes to work with metpy units, enabling a seamless integration with the Pangeo software stack.

Here, for example the x-wind component gets the correct CF standard_name and a COMODO grid_mapping attribute indicating the respective projection.

ds_old['U'].attrs, ds_new['U'].attrs

({'FieldType': np.int32(104),
  'MemoryOrder': 'XYZ',
  'description': 'x-wind component',
  'units': 'm s-1',
  'stagger': 'X'},
 {'FieldType': np.int32(104),
  'MemoryOrder': 'XYZ',
  'description': 'x-wind component',
  'units': 'm s-1',
  'stagger': 'X',
  'standard_name': 'x_wind',
  'grid_mapping': 'wrf_projection'})

Also, the units attribute of the PSN variable was cleaned up to conform to metpy unit conventions.

Note

As of now, unit translations are implemented on a manual basis, so please raise an issue with us if you encounter any problems in this regard. In the future, this will be implemented in a more structured manner.

ds_old['PSN'].attrs['units'], ds_new['PSN'].attrs['units']

('umol co2/m2/s', 'umol m-2 s-1')

import metpy

try:
    ds_old['PSN'].metpy.quantify()
except metpy.units.UndefinedUnitError as e:
    print(e)
ds_new['PSN'].metpy.quantify()

'co' is not defined in the unit registry

<xarray.DataArray 'PSN' (Time: 1, y: 340, x: 270)> Size: 367kB
<Quantity([[[0.        0.        0.        ... 0.        0.        0.       ]
  [0.        0.        0.        ... 0.        0.        0.       ]
  [0.        0.        0.        ... 0.        0.        0.       ]
  ...
  [0.        0.        0.        ... 2.0479841 2.014872  2.0163262]
  [0.        0.        0.        ... 2.122164  2.3794565 2.0393817]
  [0.        0.        0.        ... 2.0216792 1.9838098 1.9889725]]], 'micromole / meter ** 2 / second')>
Coordinates:
    XLAT     (y, x) float32 367kB 22.27 22.31 22.35 22.4 ... 57.5 57.54 57.58
    XLONG    (y, x) float32 367kB -116.7 -116.6 -116.6 ... -111.2 -111.0 -110.9
    XTIME    (Time) datetime64[ns] 8B ...
  * Time     (Time) datetime64[ns] 8B 2099-10-01
  * x        (x) float64 2kB -4.728e+06 -4.719e+06 ... -2.316e+06 -2.307e+06
  * y        (y) float64 3kB -3.341e+05 -3.251e+05 ... 2.708e+06 2.717e+06
Attributes:
    FieldType:     104
    MemoryOrder:   XY 
    description:   total photosynthesis
    stagger:       
    grid_mapping:  wrf_projection

xarray.DataArray

'PSN'

• Time: 1
• y: 340
• x: 270

• <Quantity([[[0. 0. 0. ... 0. 0. ...

  Magnitude	[[[0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0] [0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0] [0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0] ... [0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 2.0479841232299805 2.0148720741271973 2.0163261890411377] [0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 2.122164011001587 2.3794565200805664 2.039381742477417] [0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 2.021679162979126 1.9838098287582397 1.988972544670105]]]
  Units	micromole/(meter2 second)

• Coordinates: (6)
  • XLAT
    (y, x)
    float32
    22.27 22.31 22.35 ... 57.54 57.58

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LATITUDE, SOUTH IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_north

    stagger :

    array([[22.267113, 22.30986 , 22.352562, ..., 31.577175, 31.602276,
            31.627289],
           [22.331947, 22.374748, 22.417519, ..., 31.654675, 31.679817,
            31.704872],
           [22.396782, 22.439636, 22.48246 , ..., 31.732212, 31.757374,
            31.782475],
           ...,
           [43.123325, 43.18635 , 43.249325, ..., 57.357616, 57.397728,
            57.437717],
           [43.17841 , 43.241505, 43.30454 , ..., 57.429012, 57.469185,
            57.509224],
           [43.233448, 43.29659 , 43.359695, ..., 57.500355, 57.54058 ,
            57.580677]], shape=(340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • XLONG
    (y, x)
    float32
    -116.7 -116.6 ... -111.0 -110.9

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LONGITUDE, WEST IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_east

    stagger :

    array([[-116.6951  , -116.625   , -116.55481 , ...,  -95.11899 ,
             -95.027985,  -94.93689 ],
           [-116.74136 , -116.67122 , -116.60101 , ...,  -95.14853 ,
             -95.057434,  -94.96625 ],
           [-116.78769 , -116.71753 , -116.64728 , ...,  -95.17816 ,
             -95.086945,  -94.9957  ],
           ...,
           [-138.24808 , -138.17249 , -138.09671 , ..., -111.02429 ,
            -110.89174 , -110.75894 ],
           [-138.33456 , -138.25897 , -138.18323 , ..., -111.09889 ,
            -110.96619 , -110.83324 ],
           [-138.42117 , -138.34561 , -138.2699  , ..., -111.17375 ,
            -111.04089 , -110.90779 ]], shape=(340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • XTIME
    (Time)
    datetime64[ns]
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    0

    description :

    minutes since 2099-08-01 00:00:00

    stagger :

    [1 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]

  • Time
    (Time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2099-10-01

    long_name :

    Time

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2099-10-01T00:00:00.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • x
    (x)
    float64
    -4.728e+06 ... -2.307e+06

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    projection_x_coordinate

    axis :

    X

    array([-4728113.202456, -4719113.202456, -4710113.202456, ..., -2325113.202456,
           -2316113.202456, -2307113.202456], shape=(270,))

  • y
    (y)
    float64
    -3.341e+05 -3.251e+05 ... 2.717e+06

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    projection_y_coordinate

    axis :

    Y

    array([-334086.880875, -325086.880875, -316086.880875, ..., 2698913.119125,
           2707913.119125, 2716913.119125], shape=(340,))

• Indexes: (3)
  • Time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2099-10-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='Time', freq=None))

  • x
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-4728113.2024558205, -4719113.2024558205, -4710113.2024558205,
           -4701113.2024558205, -4692113.2024558205, -4683113.2024558205,
           -4674113.2024558205, -4665113.2024558205, -4656113.2024558205,
           -4647113.2024558205,
           ...
           -2388113.2024558205, -2379113.2024558205, -2370113.2024558205,
           -2361113.2024558205, -2352113.2024558205, -2343113.2024558205,
           -2334113.2024558205, -2325113.2024558205, -2316113.2024558205,
           -2307113.2024558205],
          dtype='float64', name='x', length=270))

  • y
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-334086.8808752261, -325086.8808752261, -316086.8808752261,
           -307086.8808752261, -298086.8808752261, -289086.8808752261,
           -280086.8808752261, -271086.8808752261, -262086.8808752261,
           -253086.8808752261,
           ...
            2635913.119124774,  2644913.119124774,  2653913.119124774,
            2662913.119124774,  2671913.119124774,  2680913.119124774,
            2689913.119124774,  2698913.119124774,  2707913.119124774,
            2716913.119124774],
          dtype='float64', name='y', length=340))

• Attributes: (5)

  FieldType :

  104

  MemoryOrder :

  XY

  description :

  total photosynthesis

  stagger :

  grid_mapping :

  wrf_projection

Diagnostic variables

Because some WRF output fields are quite raw, essential diagnostic variables like air_pressure or air_potential_temperature are missing. Also wind fields are natively in grid-space and not oriented in west-east, north-south direction, so the wind_east and wind_north fields are added. These useful variables get added by xWRF by default. Users can choose to keep the fields after the computation of diagnostics is done by using .xwrf.postprocess(drop_diagnostic_variable_components=False), however grid-relative winds are always retained.

ds_new['air_pressure']

<xarray.DataArray 'air_pressure' (Time: 1, z: 39, y: 340, x: 270)> Size: 14MB
array([[[[100893.734 , 100889.61  , 100888.09  , ...,  99661.97  ,
           99665.875 ,  99651.086 ],
         [100893.55  , 100891.305 , 100887.91  , ...,  99460.77  ,
           99437.125 ,  99507.88  ],
         [100896.195 , 100891.875 , 100890.65  , ...,  99259.664 ,
           99260.1   ,  99446.16  ],
         ...,
         [101696.73  , 101671.125 , 101662.305 , ...,  95169.67  ,
           95047.93  ,  94998.36  ],
         [101684.664 , 101665.67  , 101655.04  , ...,  95912.805 ,
           95763.6   ,  95652.57  ],
         [101672.53  , 101665.94  , 101659.2   , ...,  96404.76  ,
           96312.66  ,  96160.69  ]],

        [[100203.97  , 100202.63  , 100201.086 , ...,  98989.78  ,
           98996.55  ,  98979.    ],
         [100206.67  , 100205.6   , 100202.766 , ...,  98787.086 ,
           98764.5   ,  98832.36  ],
         [100209.414 , 100205.04  , 100203.88  , ...,  98584.98  ,
           98589.43  ,  98770.89  ],
...
            5825.9956,   5821.3135],
         [  5886.796 ,   5886.5864,   5886.468 , ...,   5833.852 ,
            5831.8096,   5818.641 ],
         [  5886.6597,   5886.6133,   5886.5464, ...,   5813.8115,
            5815.558 ,   5817.2427]],

        [[  5281.6   ,   5281.608 ,   5281.594 , ...,   5275.668 ,
            5275.5195,   5275.705 ],
         [  5281.6064,   5281.692 ,   5281.7773, ...,   5277.55  ,
            5277.2354,   5277.1577],
         [  5281.6157,   5281.8145,   5281.881 , ...,   5276.886 ,
            5276.828 ,   5277.4326],
         ...,
         [  5284.9956,   5284.882 ,   5284.917 , ...,   5266.0586,
            5265.268 ,   5260.8257],
         [  5284.9634,   5284.8643,   5284.846 , ...,   5267.7246,
            5266.5693,   5254.022 ],
         [  5284.9243,   5284.8877,   5284.871 , ...,   5244.3447,
            5246.701 ,   5249.4062]]]],
      shape=(1, 39, 340, 270), dtype=float32)
Coordinates:
    XLAT     (y, x) float32 367kB 22.27 22.31 22.35 22.4 ... 57.5 57.54 57.58
    XLONG    (y, x) float32 367kB -116.7 -116.6 -116.6 ... -111.2 -111.0 -110.9
    XTIME    (Time) datetime64[ns] 8B ...
  * z        (z) float32 156B 0.9969 0.9899 0.981 ... 0.0161 0.009174 0.002948
  * Time     (Time) datetime64[ns] 8B 2099-10-01
  * x        (x) float64 2kB -4.728e+06 -4.719e+06 ... -2.316e+06 -2.307e+06
  * y        (y) float64 3kB -3.341e+05 -3.251e+05 ... 2.708e+06 2.717e+06
Attributes:
    units:          Pa
    standard_name:  air_pressure
    grid_mapping:   wrf_projection

xarray.DataArray

'air_pressure'

• Time: 1
• z: 39
• y: 340
• x: 270

• 1.009e+05 1.009e+05 1.009e+05 ... 5.244e+03 5.247e+03 5.249e+03

  array([[[[100893.734 , 100889.61  , 100888.09  , ...,  99661.97  ,
             99665.875 ,  99651.086 ],
           [100893.55  , 100891.305 , 100887.91  , ...,  99460.77  ,
             99437.125 ,  99507.88  ],
           [100896.195 , 100891.875 , 100890.65  , ...,  99259.664 ,
             99260.1   ,  99446.16  ],
           ...,
           [101696.73  , 101671.125 , 101662.305 , ...,  95169.67  ,
             95047.93  ,  94998.36  ],
           [101684.664 , 101665.67  , 101655.04  , ...,  95912.805 ,
             95763.6   ,  95652.57  ],
           [101672.53  , 101665.94  , 101659.2   , ...,  96404.76  ,
             96312.66  ,  96160.69  ]],
  
          [[100203.97  , 100202.63  , 100201.086 , ...,  98989.78  ,
             98996.55  ,  98979.    ],
           [100206.67  , 100205.6   , 100202.766 , ...,  98787.086 ,
             98764.5   ,  98832.36  ],
           [100209.414 , 100205.04  , 100203.88  , ...,  98584.98  ,
             98589.43  ,  98770.89  ],
  ...
              5825.9956,   5821.3135],
           [  5886.796 ,   5886.5864,   5886.468 , ...,   5833.852 ,
              5831.8096,   5818.641 ],
           [  5886.6597,   5886.6133,   5886.5464, ...,   5813.8115,
              5815.558 ,   5817.2427]],
  
          [[  5281.6   ,   5281.608 ,   5281.594 , ...,   5275.668 ,
              5275.5195,   5275.705 ],
           [  5281.6064,   5281.692 ,   5281.7773, ...,   5277.55  ,
              5277.2354,   5277.1577],
           [  5281.6157,   5281.8145,   5281.881 , ...,   5276.886 ,
              5276.828 ,   5277.4326],
           ...,
           [  5284.9956,   5284.882 ,   5284.917 , ...,   5266.0586,
              5265.268 ,   5260.8257],
           [  5284.9634,   5284.8643,   5284.846 , ...,   5267.7246,
              5266.5693,   5254.022 ],
           [  5284.9243,   5284.8877,   5284.871 , ...,   5244.3447,
              5246.701 ,   5249.4062]]]],
        shape=(1, 39, 340, 270), dtype=float32)

• Coordinates: (7)
  • XLAT
    (y, x)
    float32
    22.27 22.31 22.35 ... 57.54 57.58

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LATITUDE, SOUTH IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_north

    stagger :

    array([[22.267113, 22.30986 , 22.352562, ..., 31.577175, 31.602276,
            31.627289],
           [22.331947, 22.374748, 22.417519, ..., 31.654675, 31.679817,
            31.704872],
           [22.396782, 22.439636, 22.48246 , ..., 31.732212, 31.757374,
            31.782475],
           ...,
           [43.123325, 43.18635 , 43.249325, ..., 57.357616, 57.397728,
            57.437717],
           [43.17841 , 43.241505, 43.30454 , ..., 57.429012, 57.469185,
            57.509224],
           [43.233448, 43.29659 , 43.359695, ..., 57.500355, 57.54058 ,
            57.580677]], shape=(340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • XLONG
    (y, x)
    float32
    -116.7 -116.6 ... -111.0 -110.9

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LONGITUDE, WEST IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_east

    stagger :

    array([[-116.6951  , -116.625   , -116.55481 , ...,  -95.11899 ,
             -95.027985,  -94.93689 ],
           [-116.74136 , -116.67122 , -116.60101 , ...,  -95.14853 ,
             -95.057434,  -94.96625 ],
           [-116.78769 , -116.71753 , -116.64728 , ...,  -95.17816 ,
             -95.086945,  -94.9957  ],
           ...,
           [-138.24808 , -138.17249 , -138.09671 , ..., -111.02429 ,
            -110.89174 , -110.75894 ],
           [-138.33456 , -138.25897 , -138.18323 , ..., -111.09889 ,
            -110.96619 , -110.83324 ],
           [-138.42117 , -138.34561 , -138.2699  , ..., -111.17375 ,
            -111.04089 , -110.90779 ]], shape=(340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • XTIME
    (Time)
    datetime64[ns]
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    0

    description :

    minutes since 2099-08-01 00:00:00

    stagger :

    [1 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]

  • z
    (z)
    float32
    0.9969 0.9899 ... 0.009174 0.002948

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    Z

    description :

    eta values on half (mass) levels

    units :

    stagger :

    axis :

    Z

    standard_name :

    atmosphere_sigma_coordinate

    array([0.996907, 0.989883, 0.980982, 0.969786, 0.955825, 0.938608, 0.917657,
           0.892567, 0.863075, 0.829143, 0.791013, 0.749237, 0.70464 , 0.658129,
           0.610267, 0.56134 , 0.51169 , 0.461709, 0.412043, 0.365234, 0.323141,
           0.285288, 0.251248, 0.220637, 0.19311 , 0.168355, 0.146094, 0.126076,
           0.108074, 0.091886, 0.077328, 0.064236, 0.052464, 0.041877, 0.032357,
           0.023796, 0.016097, 0.009174, 0.002948], dtype=float32)

  • Time
    (Time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2099-10-01

    long_name :

    Time

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2099-10-01T00:00:00.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • x
    (x)
    float64
    -4.728e+06 ... -2.307e+06

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    projection_x_coordinate

    axis :

    X

    array([-4728113.202456, -4719113.202456, -4710113.202456, ..., -2325113.202456,
           -2316113.202456, -2307113.202456], shape=(270,))

  • y
    (y)
    float64
    -3.341e+05 -3.251e+05 ... 2.717e+06

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    projection_y_coordinate

    axis :

    Y

    array([-334086.880875, -325086.880875, -316086.880875, ..., 2698913.119125,
           2707913.119125, 2716913.119125], shape=(340,))

• Indexes: (4)
  • z
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0.9969073534011841,    0.9898827075958252,    0.9809824228286743,
              0.9697859287261963,    0.9558253288269043,    0.9386084079742432,
              0.9176574945449829,    0.8925668001174927,    0.8630751371383667,
              0.8291428089141846,    0.7910133600234985,    0.7492371797561646,
              0.7046403884887695,    0.6581294536590576,    0.6102670431137085,
                0.56134033203125,    0.5116900205612183,   0.46170908212661743,
             0.41204261779785156,    0.3652341961860657,    0.3231409788131714,
              0.2852879762649536,    0.2512480318546295,   0.22063706815242767,
              0.1931096762418747,   0.16835521161556244,   0.14609435200691223,
             0.12607592344284058,   0.10807403922080994,    0.0918855369091034,
             0.07732777297496796,   0.06423646211624146,   0.05246390402317047,
             0.04187723994255066,  0.032357003539800644,  0.023795776069164276,
            0.016096951439976692,  0.009173668920993805, 0.0029478128999471664],
          dtype='float32', name='z'))

  • Time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2099-10-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='Time', freq=None))

  • x
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-4728113.2024558205, -4719113.2024558205, -4710113.2024558205,
           -4701113.2024558205, -4692113.2024558205, -4683113.2024558205,
           -4674113.2024558205, -4665113.2024558205, -4656113.2024558205,
           -4647113.2024558205,
           ...
           -2388113.2024558205, -2379113.2024558205, -2370113.2024558205,
           -2361113.2024558205, -2352113.2024558205, -2343113.2024558205,
           -2334113.2024558205, -2325113.2024558205, -2316113.2024558205,
           -2307113.2024558205],
          dtype='float64', name='x', length=270))

  • y
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-334086.8808752261, -325086.8808752261, -316086.8808752261,
           -307086.8808752261, -298086.8808752261, -289086.8808752261,
           -280086.8808752261, -271086.8808752261, -262086.8808752261,
           -253086.8808752261,
           ...
            2635913.119124774,  2644913.119124774,  2653913.119124774,
            2662913.119124774,  2671913.119124774,  2680913.119124774,
            2689913.119124774,  2698913.119124774,  2707913.119124774,
            2716913.119124774],
          dtype='float64', name='y', length=340))

• Attributes: (3)

  units :

  Pa

  standard_name :

  air_pressure

  grid_mapping :

  wrf_projection

ds_new['wind_east']

<xarray.DataArray 'wind_east' (Time: 1, z: 39, y: 340, x: 270)> Size: 14MB
array([[[[-0.8540844 , -0.738251  , -0.545264  , ...,  1.4950651 ,
           1.7660816 ,  1.9395261 ],
         [-0.8818562 , -0.74259746, -0.5333221 , ...,  1.348903  ,
           1.5153437 ,  1.7764862 ],
         [-0.9169271 , -0.7991271 , -0.6141951 , ...,  1.3527424 ,
           1.460252  ,  1.6192899 ],
         ...,
         [ 9.255407  ,  9.28659   ,  9.1721    , ...,  4.580781  ,
           4.4629016 ,  3.488285  ],
         [ 9.394391  ,  9.397248  ,  9.32838   , ...,  5.3224483 ,
           4.4839735 ,  3.1068704 ],
         [ 9.494457  ,  9.411124  ,  9.363975  , ...,  5.2005925 ,
           4.8733425 ,  3.7735646 ]],

        [[-0.87797356, -0.7614403 , -0.59394455, ...,  1.882653  ,
           2.3743167 ,  2.5777702 ],
         [-0.90974176, -0.77123356, -0.5847976 , ...,  1.7839468 ,
           2.272645  ,  2.497768  ],
         [-0.9420047 , -0.8337804 , -0.67352176, ...,  1.8757367 ,
           2.2196953 ,  2.3774064 ],
...
          11.583581  , 14.111986  ],
         [14.562296  , 14.829544  , 15.028374  , ..., 11.101351  ,
          11.73059   , 14.226654  ],
         [14.707831  , 14.862129  , 15.002537  , ..., 12.704432  ,
          12.850094  , 14.030186  ]],

        [[-1.1588178 , -1.0782948 , -1.0017282 , ...,  1.8423607 ,
           1.7980661 ,  1.6273091 ],
         [-1.1129029 , -1.0681975 , -0.9338307 , ...,  3.0397072 ,
           2.6984587 ,  1.9549323 ],
         [-1.0991675 , -1.181081  , -1.0825561 , ...,  3.7225795 ,
           3.3059304 ,  2.319018  ],
         ...,
         [12.773672  , 13.064896  , 13.278723  , ...,  9.394521  ,
           9.826231  , 12.684486  ],
         [12.933495  , 13.184     , 13.374461  , ...,  9.11593   ,
           9.9368305 , 12.795868  ],
         [13.088163  , 13.237101  , 13.3752    , ..., 10.920462  ,
          11.129587  , 12.496285  ]]]],
      shape=(1, 39, 340, 270), dtype=float32)
Coordinates:
    XLAT     (y, x) float32 367kB 22.27 22.31 22.35 22.4 ... 57.5 57.54 57.58
    XLONG    (y, x) float32 367kB -116.7 -116.6 -116.6 ... -111.2 -111.0 -110.9
    XTIME    (Time) datetime64[ns] 8B ...
  * z        (z) float32 156B 0.9969 0.9899 0.981 ... 0.0161 0.009174 0.002948
  * Time     (Time) datetime64[ns] 8B 2099-10-01
  * x        (x) float64 2kB -4.728e+06 -4.719e+06 ... -2.316e+06 -2.307e+06
  * y        (y) float64 3kB -3.341e+05 -3.251e+05 ... 2.708e+06 2.717e+06
Attributes:
    description:    earth-relative x-wind component
    standard_name:  eastward_wind
    units:          m s-1
    grid_mapping:   wrf_projection

xarray.DataArray

'wind_east'

• Time: 1
• z: 39
• y: 340
• x: 270

• -0.8541 -0.7383 -0.5453 -0.3594 -0.2709 ... 10.87 10.92 11.13 12.5

  array([[[[-0.8540844 , -0.738251  , -0.545264  , ...,  1.4950651 ,
             1.7660816 ,  1.9395261 ],
           [-0.8818562 , -0.74259746, -0.5333221 , ...,  1.348903  ,
             1.5153437 ,  1.7764862 ],
           [-0.9169271 , -0.7991271 , -0.6141951 , ...,  1.3527424 ,
             1.460252  ,  1.6192899 ],
           ...,
           [ 9.255407  ,  9.28659   ,  9.1721    , ...,  4.580781  ,
             4.4629016 ,  3.488285  ],
           [ 9.394391  ,  9.397248  ,  9.32838   , ...,  5.3224483 ,
             4.4839735 ,  3.1068704 ],
           [ 9.494457  ,  9.411124  ,  9.363975  , ...,  5.2005925 ,
             4.8733425 ,  3.7735646 ]],
  
          [[-0.87797356, -0.7614403 , -0.59394455, ...,  1.882653  ,
             2.3743167 ,  2.5777702 ],
           [-0.90974176, -0.77123356, -0.5847976 , ...,  1.7839468 ,
             2.272645  ,  2.497768  ],
           [-0.9420047 , -0.8337804 , -0.67352176, ...,  1.8757367 ,
             2.2196953 ,  2.3774064 ],
  ...
            11.583581  , 14.111986  ],
           [14.562296  , 14.829544  , 15.028374  , ..., 11.101351  ,
            11.73059   , 14.226654  ],
           [14.707831  , 14.862129  , 15.002537  , ..., 12.704432  ,
            12.850094  , 14.030186  ]],
  
          [[-1.1588178 , -1.0782948 , -1.0017282 , ...,  1.8423607 ,
             1.7980661 ,  1.6273091 ],
           [-1.1129029 , -1.0681975 , -0.9338307 , ...,  3.0397072 ,
             2.6984587 ,  1.9549323 ],
           [-1.0991675 , -1.181081  , -1.0825561 , ...,  3.7225795 ,
             3.3059304 ,  2.319018  ],
           ...,
           [12.773672  , 13.064896  , 13.278723  , ...,  9.394521  ,
             9.826231  , 12.684486  ],
           [12.933495  , 13.184     , 13.374461  , ...,  9.11593   ,
             9.9368305 , 12.795868  ],
           [13.088163  , 13.237101  , 13.3752    , ..., 10.920462  ,
            11.129587  , 12.496285  ]]]],
        shape=(1, 39, 340, 270), dtype=float32)

• Coordinates: (7)
  • XLAT
    (y, x)
    float32
    22.27 22.31 22.35 ... 57.54 57.58

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LATITUDE, SOUTH IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_north

    stagger :

    array([[22.267113, 22.30986 , 22.352562, ..., 31.577175, 31.602276,
            31.627289],
           [22.331947, 22.374748, 22.417519, ..., 31.654675, 31.679817,
            31.704872],
           [22.396782, 22.439636, 22.48246 , ..., 31.732212, 31.757374,
            31.782475],
           ...,
           [43.123325, 43.18635 , 43.249325, ..., 57.357616, 57.397728,
            57.437717],
           [43.17841 , 43.241505, 43.30454 , ..., 57.429012, 57.469185,
            57.509224],
           [43.233448, 43.29659 , 43.359695, ..., 57.500355, 57.54058 ,
            57.580677]], shape=(340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • XLONG
    (y, x)
    float32
    -116.7 -116.6 ... -111.0 -110.9

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    XY

    description :

    LONGITUDE, WEST IS NEGATIVE

    units :

    degree_east

    stagger :

    array([[-116.6951  , -116.625   , -116.55481 , ...,  -95.11899 ,
             -95.027985,  -94.93689 ],
           [-116.74136 , -116.67122 , -116.60101 , ...,  -95.14853 ,
             -95.057434,  -94.96625 ],
           [-116.78769 , -116.71753 , -116.64728 , ...,  -95.17816 ,
             -95.086945,  -94.9957  ],
           ...,
           [-138.24808 , -138.17249 , -138.09671 , ..., -111.02429 ,
            -110.89174 , -110.75894 ],
           [-138.33456 , -138.25897 , -138.18323 , ..., -111.09889 ,
            -110.96619 , -110.83324 ],
           [-138.42117 , -138.34561 , -138.2699  , ..., -111.17375 ,
            -111.04089 , -110.90779 ]], shape=(340, 270), dtype=float32)

  • XTIME
    (Time)
    datetime64[ns]
    ...

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    0

    description :

    minutes since 2099-08-01 00:00:00

    stagger :

    [1 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]

  • z
    (z)
    float32
    0.9969 0.9899 ... 0.009174 0.002948

    FieldType :

    104

    MemoryOrder :

    Z

    description :

    eta values on half (mass) levels

    units :

    stagger :

    axis :

    Z

    standard_name :

    atmosphere_sigma_coordinate

    array([0.996907, 0.989883, 0.980982, 0.969786, 0.955825, 0.938608, 0.917657,
           0.892567, 0.863075, 0.829143, 0.791013, 0.749237, 0.70464 , 0.658129,
           0.610267, 0.56134 , 0.51169 , 0.461709, 0.412043, 0.365234, 0.323141,
           0.285288, 0.251248, 0.220637, 0.19311 , 0.168355, 0.146094, 0.126076,
           0.108074, 0.091886, 0.077328, 0.064236, 0.052464, 0.041877, 0.032357,
           0.023796, 0.016097, 0.009174, 0.002948], dtype=float32)

  • Time
    (Time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2099-10-01

    long_name :

    Time

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2099-10-01T00:00:00.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • x
    (x)
    float64
    -4.728e+06 ... -2.307e+06

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    projection_x_coordinate

    axis :

    X

    array([-4728113.202456, -4719113.202456, -4710113.202456, ..., -2325113.202456,
           -2316113.202456, -2307113.202456], shape=(270,))

  • y
    (y)
    float64
    -3.341e+05 -3.251e+05 ... 2.717e+06

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    projection_y_coordinate

    axis :

    Y

    array([-334086.880875, -325086.880875, -316086.880875, ..., 2698913.119125,
           2707913.119125, 2716913.119125], shape=(340,))

• Indexes: (4)
  • z
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0.9969073534011841,    0.9898827075958252,    0.9809824228286743,
              0.9697859287261963,    0.9558253288269043,    0.9386084079742432,
              0.9176574945449829,    0.8925668001174927,    0.8630751371383667,
              0.8291428089141846,    0.7910133600234985,    0.7492371797561646,
              0.7046403884887695,    0.6581294536590576,    0.6102670431137085,
                0.56134033203125,    0.5116900205612183,   0.46170908212661743,
             0.41204261779785156,    0.3652341961860657,    0.3231409788131714,
              0.2852879762649536,    0.2512480318546295,   0.22063706815242767,
              0.1931096762418747,   0.16835521161556244,   0.14609435200691223,
             0.12607592344284058,   0.10807403922080994,    0.0918855369091034,
             0.07732777297496796,   0.06423646211624146,   0.05246390402317047,
             0.04187723994255066,  0.032357003539800644,  0.023795776069164276,
            0.016096951439976692,  0.009173668920993805, 0.0029478128999471664],
          dtype='float32', name='z'))

  • Time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2099-10-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='Time', freq=None))

  • x
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-4728113.2024558205, -4719113.2024558205, -4710113.2024558205,
           -4701113.2024558205, -4692113.2024558205, -4683113.2024558205,
           -4674113.2024558205, -4665113.2024558205, -4656113.2024558205,
           -4647113.2024558205,
           ...
           -2388113.2024558205, -2379113.2024558205, -2370113.2024558205,
           -2361113.2024558205, -2352113.2024558205, -2343113.2024558205,
           -2334113.2024558205, -2325113.2024558205, -2316113.2024558205,
           -2307113.2024558205],
          dtype='float64', name='x', length=270))

  • y
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-334086.8808752261, -325086.8808752261, -316086.8808752261,
           -307086.8808752261, -298086.8808752261, -289086.8808752261,
           -280086.8808752261, -271086.8808752261, -262086.8808752261,
           -253086.8808752261,
           ...
            2635913.119124774,  2644913.119124774,  2653913.119124774,
            2662913.119124774,  2671913.119124774,  2680913.119124774,
            2689913.119124774,  2698913.119124774,  2707913.119124774,
            2716913.119124774],
          dtype='float64', name='y', length=340))

• Attributes: (4)

  description :

  earth-relative x-wind component

  standard_name :

  eastward_wind

  units :

  m s-1

  grid_mapping :

  wrf_projection